Class 9 Social Science Notes

Chapters in Class 9 Social Science — 20 chapters.

These notes are free to read without an account. Work through them in order, or use the chapter list to revise selectively before a test.

Chapters in Class 9 Social Science

  1. Chapter 1: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

    11 topics

    • Introduction of What is Democracy? Why Democracy?
    • Features of Democracy
    • Major decisions by elected leaders
    • Free and fair electoral competition
    • One person, one vote, one value
    • Rule of Law and Respect for Rights
    • Why Democracy?
    • Debating the Merits of Democracy

  2. Chapter 2: Constitutional Design

    11 topics

    • Introduction of Constitutional design
    • Democratic constitution of South Africa
    • Towards a new constitution
    • Why Do We Need a Constitution?
    • Making of the Indian Constitution
    • The Path to the Indian Constitution
    • The constitution Assembly
    • Guiding values of the Indian Constitution

  3. Chapter 3: Electoral Politics

    16 topics

    • Introduction of Electoral Politics
    • Why Elections?
    • Why do we need elections?
    • What makes an election democratic?
    • Is it good to have political competition?
    • What is Our System of Elections?
    • Electoral constituencies
    • Reserved Constituencies

  4. Chapter 4: Working of Institutions

    16 topics

    • Introduction of Working of Institutions
    • How is A Major Policy Decision Taken?
    • A Government Order
    • The Decision Makers
    • Need for Political Institutions
    • Parliament
    • Why do we need a Parliament?
    • Two Houses of Parliament

  5. Chapter 5: Democratic Rights

    18 topics

    • Introduction of Democratic Rights
    • Life Without Rights
    • Prison in Guantanamo Bay
    • Citizens’ Rights in Saudi Arabia
    • Ethnic massacre in Kosovo
    • Rights in A Democracy
    • What are rights?
    • Why do we need rights in a ts in a democracy?

  6. Chapter 6: India - Size And Location

    5 topics

    • Introduction of India - Size And Location
    • Location
    • Size
    • India And The World
    • India,s Neighbours

  7. Chapter 7: Physical Features of India

    8 topics

    • Introduction of Physical Features of India
    • Major Physiographic Divisions
    • The Himalayan Mountains
    • The Northern Plain
    • The Peninsular Plateau
    • The Indian Desert
    • The Coastal Plains
    • The Islands

  8. Chapter 8: Drainage

    15 topics

    • Introduction of Drainage
    • Drainage Systems in india
    • The Himalayan Rivers
    • The Ganga River System
    • The Brahmaputra River System
    • The Peninsular Rivers
    • The Narmada Basin
    • The Tapi Basin

  9. Chapter 9: Climate

    12 topics

    • Introduction of Climate
    • Climatic Controls
    • Factors Affecting India's Climate
    • Latitude
    • Altitude
    • Pressure and Winds
    • The Cold Weather Season (Winter)
    • The Hot Weather Season (Summer)

  10. Chapter 10: Natural Vegetation And Wildlife

    9 topics

    • Introduction of Natural Vegetation And Wildlife
    • Types of Vegetation
    • Tropical Evergreen Forests
    • Tropical Deciduous Forests
    • The Thorn Forests and Scrubs
    • Montane Forests
    • Mangrove Forests
    • Wildlife

  11. Chapter 11: Population

    10 topics

    • Introduction of Population
    • Population Size And Distribution
    • India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers
    • India’s Population Distribution by Density
    • Distribution of Population
    • Population Growth And Processes of Population
    • Population Growth
    • Processes of Population Change/Growth

  12. Chapter 12: The Story of Village Palampur

    15 topics

    • Introduction of The Story of Village Palampur
    • Organisation of Production
    • Farming in Palampur
    • Land is fixed
    • Is there a way one can grow more from the same land?
    • Will the land sustain?
    • How is land distributed between the farmers of Palampur?
    • Who will provide the labour?

  13. Chapter 13: People as Resource

    7 topics

    • Introduction of People as Resource
    • Economic Activities by Men and Women
    • Quality of Population
    • Education
    • Source: Census of India, Office of Registrar General, India
    • Health
    • Unemployment

  14. Chapter 14: Poverty as a Challenge

    14 topics

    • Introduction of Poverty as a Challenge
    • Two Typical Cases of Poverty
    • Rural case
    • Poverty as seen by social scientists
    • Social exclusion
    • Poverty Line
    • Poverty Estimates
    • Vulnerable Groups

  15. Chapter 15: Food Security in India

    12 topics

    • Introduction of Food Security in India
    • What is food security?
    • Why food security?
    • Who are food-insecure?
    • India is aiming at Self-sufficiency in Foodgrains since Independence
    • Food Security in India
    • Production of Foodgrains in India (Million Tonnes)
    • What is Buffer stock?

  16. Chapter 16: The French Revolution

    15 topics

    • Introduction of The French Revolution
    • French Society During the Late Eighteenth Century
    • 1 The Struggle to Survive
    • 1.2 How a Subsistence Crisis Happens
    • 1.3 A Growing Middle Class Envisages an End to Privileges
    • The Outbreak of the Revolution
    • France Becomes a Constitutional Monarchy
    • Reading political symbols

  17. Chapter 17: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

    21 topics

    • Introduction of Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
    • The Age of Social Change
    • Liberals, Radicals and Conservatives
    • Industrial Society and Social Change
    • The Coming of Socialism to Europe
    • Support for Socialism
    • The Russian Revolution
    • The Russian Empire in 1914

  18. Chapter 18: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

    20 topics

    • Introduction of Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
    • Birth of the Weimar Republic
    • The Effects of the War
    • The Years of Depression
    • Hitler’s Rise to Power
    • The Destruction of Democracy
    • Reconstruction
    • The Nazi Worldview

  19. Chapter 19: Forest Society and Colonialism

    15 topics

    • Introduction of Forest Society and Colonialism
    • Why Deforestation?
    • Land to be Improved
    • Sleepers on the Tracks
    • Plantations
    • The Rise of Commercial Forestry
    • How were the Lives of People Affected?
    • How did Forest Rules Affect Cultivation?

  20. Chapter 20: Pastoralists in the Modern World

    12 topics

    • Introduction of Pastoralists in the Modern World
    • Pastoral astoral astoral Nomads and their Movements
    • On the Plateaus, Plains and Deserts
    • Colonial Rule and Pastoral Life
    • How Did these Changes Affect the Lives of Pastoralists?
    • How Did the Pastoralists Cope with these Changes?
    • Pastoralism in Africa
    • Where have the Grazing Lands Gone?